Retail Pricing Models

Retail Pricing – Different Types of Pricing Models


The sale of goods from fixed points (malls, department stores, supermarkets and so on) to the consumer in small quantities for his own consumption is called as retail. According to the concept of retailing, a retailer doesn’t sell products in bulk; in
stead sells the merchandise in small units to the end-users.

Retail Pricing

Cost Plus Pricing Mechanism

Every organization runs to earn profits and so is the retail industry.

Cost plus pricing works on the following principle:

  • Cost Price of the product + Profit (Decided by the retailer) = Final price of the merchandise.

According to cost plus pricing strategy the retailer adds some extra amount to the actual cost price of the product to earn his share of profits. The final price of the merchandise includes the profit as decided by the retailer.

Cost Plus Pricing

  • Cost plus pricing strategy takes into account the profit of the retailer.
  • Cost plus pricing is an easy way to calculate the price of the merchandise.
  • The increase in the retailer price of the merchandise is directly proportional to the increase in the cost price.
  • The customers however do not have a say in cost plus pricing.

Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price (Also called List Price or Recommended retail price)

According to manufacturer suggested retail pricing strategy the retailer sets the final price of the merchandise as suggested by the manufacturer.

MSRP

  • The retailer sells his merchandise at a price suggested by the manufacturer.

Condition 1

  • The retailer sells the product at the same price as suggested by the manufacturer.

Condition 2

  • The retailer sells the merchandise at a price less than what was suggested by the manufacturer – Such a condition arises when the retailer offers “Sale” on his merchandise.

Condition 3

  • Retailers initially quote an unreasonably high price and then reduce the price on the customer’s request to make him realize that a favor has been done to him. A condition of Bargain – where the customer negotiates with the retailer to reduce the price of the merchandise.

Competitive Pricing

The cut throat competition in the current retail scenario has prompted the retailers to guarantee excellent customer service to the buyers for them to prefer them over their competitors.

  • The price of the merchandise is more or less similar to the competitor’s but the retailers add on certain attractive benefits for the customers. (Longer payment term, gifts etc.)
  • The retailers ensure that the customers leave their store with a smile to have an edge over the competitors.
  • He tries his level best to offer better services to the customers for a better business in future.

Pricing Below Competition

According to pricing below competition policy

  • The price of the merchandise is kept lesser than what is being offered by the competitors.

Prestige Pricing (Pricing above competition)

According to prestige pricing mechanism, the price of the merchandise is set slightly above the competitors.

The retailer can charge higher price than the competitors only under the following circumstances:

  • Exclusive Brands at the store.
  • Brand image of the store
  • Prime location of the retail store
  • Excellent customer service
  • Merchandise not available at any other store
  • Latest Trends

Psychological Pricing

  • Certain price of a product at which the consumer willingly purchases it is called psychological price.
  • The consumer perceives such prices to be correct.
  • A retailer sets a psychological price which he feels would meet the expectations of the buyers and they would easily buy the merchandise.

Multiple Pricing

  • According to multiple pricing, the retailer sells multiple products (more than one) for a single price.
  • The retailers combine few products to be sold for a single fixed price.
  • 3 Shirts for $100/- or 3 Perfumes for $20/- and so on.

Discount Pricing

According to discount pricing, the retailer sells his merchandise at a discounted price during off seasons or to clear out his stock.

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Purple Cow (Book Summary) : New era Marketing by being Purple cow

New era Marketing by being Purple cow

Image result for the purple cow

The Purple cow

Here are 3 lessons from the book:

  1. We live
    in the third era of advertising, where marketing is mainly done
    through word-of-mouth.
  2. Not
    taking risks is riskier than taking risks.
  3. If you
    want your product to succeed, focus on early adopters as your first
    customers.

Lesson
1: Today marketing is mainly done through word-of-mouth recommendations.

Seth walks us through the history of
advertising and says there were three distinct periods.

Before advertising was way back in ancient times, when people could
only spread the word about great deals with their mouths.

For example in ancient Rome, when
one of the vendors on the market sold particularly good fish, everyone who
bought one would of course tell all their friends and family. Likely, the next
time they’d go to the market, they’d visit that same vendor.

During advertising was the time during the 18- and 19-hundreds, when
advertising seemed to work like magic and the only limit to how much you could
sell through it was how much you were able to buy. Billboards, ads in
magazines, TV commercials, they all fall into this category.

But by now we’re in the era after
advertising. 
Consumers completely ignore ads now and are already
blind to banner ads online. Unless they’re looking for something specific,
for example a car, people won’t look at car ads.

In the era we are in right now,
we’ve gone back to word-of-mouth marketing, only that the word is now exchanged
online, which makes news about good and bad products spread a lot more quickly, thanks
to social media like Facebook, Twitter or Instagram.

Lesson
2: Not taking risks is riskier than taking risks.

Because we live in a
post-advertising world and the internet is such a noisy place, you have to be
truly remarkable to stand out – like a purple cow among brown, black and white
cows.

Seth calls this remarkable marketing
and without it, your product is doomed to fail.

That’s why the riskiest thing you
and your company can do right now, is to not take any risks at all.

Following the trends and trying not
to make any noise, won’t make you stand out, it will make you invisible.

For example, Ford is a steady
company, but they’re not very innovative. They do what they know to do, again
and again, which is why their stock price has merely changed in 10 years. They’re
a boring company.

Take Porsche, and you see a company
that’s always at the edge. In 2013, Porsche took a massive risk with the
918 project (Please Google It for more details).

They built a car with hybrid
technology, which they’d never done before, the car cost eight times as much as
any of their normal models, and they limited production to 918 units.

But what they built was truly
remarkable, the car caught major attention for it’s space-style design and also set
an all time record on the Nurburgring.

The car completely sold out.

It’s your choice.

You can never take risks, and never
build something that’s so great everyone will eventually want it, or you can
work at the edge, occasionally fall, but rise all the higher in the long run.

Lesson
3: If you want your product to successfully reach the masses, focus on
early adopters first.

When I hear the word early
adopters, I always have to think of Simon Sinek and his talk.

The gist of it is that you need to
communicate why you do things (Purpose) before you tell people what you
do, because that’ll help get your product into the right people’s hands.

In both Seth’s and Simon’s case,
these people are called early adopters.

Traditional marketing shoots
its advertising right at the majority of people, when a new product comes
out. The mistake with this is that the majority isn’t ready for it yet
– they want a proven product, not some new gimmick
.

Instead, build your product in a way
that makes it attractive to innovators and early adopters, the tech
geeks, the people that stand in line for 24 hours to buy an iPhone, and let
them spread the word
.

When you do this and make sure that
your product is easily shareable, you’ll make sure your product eventually
reaches the masses through diffusion, and they won’t turn you down at the door.

The essence of the Purple Cow is about
being remarkable.  Remarkable products are worth talking about.  They
get noticed.  They’re exceptional, new, and interesting.  Remarkable
in marketing means that the product or service remarkable.  In that sense,
marketing isn’t an add on, but a part of the product cycle as well.  Godin
emphasizes that if it isn’t remarkable, it’s invisible.  It’s a brown or
white cow.  His Purple
Cow
 is about three pertinent
ideas: the why, the what, and the how of being remarkable.

1. Why be remarkable

The author states, using rational argument
and case examples, that being remarkable is a necessity of marketing.  His
“TV-industrial complex” system, is dying or dead.  Consumers are hard to
reach and they ignore mass advertising.  Godin offers multiple examples of
this (Please read book for the examples, they are worth reading).  Most
notable is the, often called, most popularly know television ad ever made: “I’d
like to teach the world to sing” by Coca-Cola.  Godin cites works of other
which argue that the commercial sold “not one more bottle of Coke.” 

2. What is remarkable

Godin lists some products or services
which are remarkable: Starbucks, Jet Blue, Sam Adams, and others. 
Remarkable is the insight to realize that there is no other choice to grow a
business or launch a product.  Passion is not a requisite.  Neither
is an extreme amount of creativity.  Godin gives the reader an
interestingly non-marketing example of remarkable: kiteboarding.  It is
one of the fastest growing sports today.  “Strap a surfboard to your feet,
hold onto a huge kite, and start racing across the water at thirty miles per
hour.  Unless, of course, you get dragged across the beach.” Dangerous and
new are worth talking about.  Remarkable is worth talking about.  It
is exceptional and worth noticing.

3. How to be remarkable

This is the core material of Purple Cow, literally and
figuratively.  It is the heftiest part of the book, and is filled with
case examples and stories (Please read the book for all the examples).  It
is, however, more of a listing of what not to do than what to do.  Godin’s
“how’s” become increasingly abstract, but three core beliefs stand out.

  • Firms must make more remarkable products and
    services that the “right” people (Micro niche segment of customers) seek
    out.  Creating safe and ordinary products and combining them with
    great marketing no longer works.
  • Purple Cows focus on early adopters
    of products.  Brown cows focus on the masses in the middle of the
    product life cycle.  But the masses also ignore new products. 
    The majority are happy with their choices and unlikely to change. 
    They are stuck consumers.
  • Beyond catering to the early adopters, Purple
    Cows can use them to spread ideas.  Godin calls them “idea viruses”
    and vocal early adopters “sneezers.”  They sneeze products and ideas
    and their friends catch on.  Ideasvirus items are occasionally the
    product of accidental luck; consider the Pet Rock and Psy’s Gangnam Style
    video.  More likely, however, it is the result of hard work and a
    focus on sneezers.  In fact, Godin states “It is useless to advertise
    to anyone except interested sneezers with influence.” 

Lessons learned

Purple Cow products are rare because they
are seen as risky, like kiteboarding.  The real problem with them is
fear.  Giant brands with large facilities and significant inertia have a
low tolerance for perceived risk.  Smaller and mid sized firms have less
to lose.  And, they realize they have far more to gain by playing by a
different set of marketing and conceptual rules.  Godin calls them
“cheaters.”  One example is Jet Blue.  They “cheat” by using a low
cost business structure, underused airports, and a younger non-union
staff.  This gives them an unfair advantage.  His take on this is
“who cares?”

“If Purple Cow is now
one of the Ps of marketing, it has profound implications for the enterprise. It
changes the definition of marketing. It used to be that Engineering invented,
Manufacturing built, Marketing marketed, and Sales sold. There was a clear
division of labor, and the president managed the whole shebang.” That’s clearly
not a valid strategy any longer the customer’s mind, creating Killer Brands.

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Book: Swami Vivekananda’s Winning Formulas to become Successful Managers by ARK Sharma on how to be successful Manager

S W A M I V I V E K A N A N D A’s 
Winning Formulas to become Successful Managers 

– A.R.K Sharma


About the Author:

Mr. A.R.K Sharma, a gold medalist in science. He is a UPSC recruited class 1 officer. At present he is the vice president of Tata Docomo Services. He has been always influenced by Swami Vivekanadha and his writings. He has authored up to 14 books which are best sellers

Swami Vivekanadha:



Born as Narendra Dutta, he was a disciple of Ramakrishna. He died at the early age of 39. He is well-known for his speech at the Parliament of World Religions in Chicago, 1893 which he began with the most famous words as “Sisters and Brothers of America”




Why this Book?

To Analyse and increase our commitment for our success.

Characteristic of people :


1) People with Low commitment and Low competency – like COLORLESS and ODORLESS FLOWERS

a) Always require monitoring, guidance, cause of correction to perform anything constructive.
b) They are like colorless and odorless flowers.
c) They are simple in nature.



2) People with High commitment and Low competency – Like COLORLESS BUT SCENTED FLOWERS

a) They work hard with little success.
b) They are good in ratline & repetitive matters.
c) Colorless flowers but with excellent fragrance.



3) People with High competency and low commitment – Like COLORFUL without FRAGRANCE FLOWERS

a) They are extra ordinary brilliant and have excellent competency.
b) Lake of commitment makes unsuccessful in spite of competency.
c) They are like flowers with beautiful colors but without fragrance.




4) People with high commitment & high competency – Like COLORFUL with FRAGRANCE FLOWERS

a) They are gift of God. The more such people will bring glory to society.
b) They are like flowers with beautiful colors and excellent fragrance.

Commitment Winning formulas as said by Swami Vivekanadha:

1) Commitment – Early Awakening

Winning Formula – ARISE! AWAKE! STOP NOT TILL THE GOAL IS REACHED

The passion to execute plans and achieve results is the fundamental factor in successful people.


2) Commitment – Sense of Responsibility

Winning Formula – BLAME NONE FOR YOUR OWN FAULTS 

Never talk about the faults of others ,no matter how bad they may be.



3) Commitment – Focus on Execution of Work

Winning Formula – WORK, WORK, WORK — LET THIS BE YOUR MOTTO


4) Commitment – Zeal

Winning Formula – IF YOU FAIL A THOUSAND TIMES, MAKE ATTEMPT ONCE MORE

       What is done is done … do not
repent; do not brood over past deeds… you can not undo, the effect must come,
face it, but be careful never to do the same thing.

5) Commitment – Commitment to Others

Winning Formula – WHEN THERE IS A CONFLICT BETWEENHEART AND BRAIN,LET THE HEART BE FOLLOWED

We should break our narrow mindedness and stand by heart at the time of crisis.















Hear our former president’s vision about Swami Vivekananda




Competence Winning formulas as said by Swami Vivekanadha:

1) Competence – Courage

Winning Formula – STOP RUNNING – FACE THE BRUTES


Face the challenges with courage instead of running away from it












2) Competence – Faith 

Winning Formula – FAITH, FAITH, FAITH IN OURSELVES

1.         
The faith is oneself is the
fundamental factor to win. This winning formula of Swami Vivekananda empowers
us to move forward in life and attain success. Whatever we think , that we will
be. If we think we are weak, weak we will be




3) Competence – Self Respect

Winning Formula – EYE FOR EYE; TOOTH FOR TOOTH; BUT DO NOT DO ANYTHING WRONG

Many times fear stops us from going ahead and we strangely back out accepting failure in ignorant manner













4) Competence – Focus of mind

Winning Formula – FULL ATTENTION; NO TENSION


The secret of work is to work without being drawn away in tension and worry

“Chita burn dead body and chinta burns living body”








5) Competence – Strength

Winning Formula – STRENGTH, STRENGTH, STRENGTH, IT IS THAT WE WANT MORE IN HIS LIFE


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